Gynecologists provide medical and surgical care to women with expertise in pregnancy, childbirth and disorders of the reproductive system. Cervical cryosurgery, colposcopy, dilation and curettage (D&C), hysteroscopy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) are common procedures performed on women to correct cervix and vaginal issues.

Urologists, or genitourinary surgeons, specialize in both noninvasive and surgical treatment of diseases affecting the kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra, uterus and male reproductive organs. The most common urology problems affecting all ages of men include cancers incontinence, urinary tract infection (UTI), enlarged prostate and erectile dysfunction. Treatment for these disorders include cystoscopies, biopsies, lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stone removal.